Let $H$ denote the class of functions of the form
which are analytic in the open unit disk $U=\{z:|z|<1\}$ . Let
It is obvious that $T\subset H$ . Let $\Omega$ denote the class of functions $w(z)$ regular in $U$ and satisfying the conditions $w(0)=0$ , $|w(z)|<1$ for $z\in U$ .
Let $f, g$ be analytic in $U$ . Then $ g$ is said to be subordinate to $f$ , written $g\prec f$ , if there exists a Schwarz function $\omega(z)\in \Omega$ , such that $g(z)=f(\omega(z))~(z\in U)$ . In particular, if the function $f(z)$ is univalent in $U$ , then
Let $P(A, B)$ $(-1\leq B<A\leq 1)$ denote the class of functions of the form $p(z)=1+\sum\limits_{n=1}^{\infty}p_{n}z^{n}$ , which are analytic in $U$ and satisfying the condition $p(z)\prec \frac{1+Az}{1+Bz}$ . It is clear that $P(1, -1)=P$ , the well-known class of positive real functions (see [1]). The classes of all starlike functions, convex functions and close-to-convex functions are respectively denoted by $S^*$ , $K$ and $C$ .
Li and Tang [2] defined the following two subclasses of the function class $H$ ,
It is obvious that
$K_{1}(1, -1)=UCV$ is the class of uniformly convex functions (see [3-5]), $S^*_{1}(1, -1)=S_p$ is the class of parabolic starlike functions (see [4]).
In this paper, we generalize the class of $S_\beta^*(A, B)$ and $K_{\beta}(A, B)$ obtained by Li and Tang [2], and give the following two subclasses of the function class $H$ .
Definition 1.1 Let the function $f(z)\in H$ , if there exists a function $g(z)\in S^*_{\beta}(A, B)$ such that
then $f(z)\in C_{\alpha, \beta}(A, B;C, D)$ .
Definition 1.2 Let the function $f(z)\in H$ , if there exists a function $g(z)\in K_{\beta}(A, B)$ such that
then $f(z)\in Q_{\alpha, \beta}(A, B;C, D)$ .
Obviously, we have
Remark 1.3 For suitable choices of parameters $A, B, C, D$ involved in Definitions 1.1 and 1.2, we also obtain the following subclasses which were studied in many earlier works.
(ⅰ) $C_{\beta, \beta}(A, B;A, B)=S^*_{\beta}(A, B)~(f(z)=g(z))$ and $ Q_{\beta, \beta}(A, B;A, B)=K_{\beta}(A, B)~(f(z)=g(z))$ (see Li et al. [2]);
(ⅱ) $C_{0, 0}(1, -1;1, -1)=C$ (see Reade [6]);
(ⅲ) $C_{0, 0}(A, B;C, D)=K(A, B;C, D)$ (see Harjinder et al. [7]);
(ⅳ) $C_{0, 0}(1, -1;C, D)=K(C, D)$ (see Harjinder et al. [7] and Mehrok [8]).
Let
In this paper, we obtain unsolved coefficients inequalities of $S^*_{\beta}(A, B)$ and $K_{\beta}(A, B)$ defined in [2], and discuss coefficients inequalities of $C_{\alpha, \beta}(A, B;C, D)$ and $Q_{\alpha, \beta}(A, B;C, D)$ . Some of our results generalize previously known results obtained by [6-11].
In order to obtain unsolved coefficients inequalities of $S^*_{\beta}(A, B)$ and $K_{\beta}(A, B)$ defined in [2], we need the following lemmas.
Lemma 2.1 (see [12]) Let $\alpha\geq 0$ , $a, b\in R$ , $a\neq b$ and $|b|\leq 1$ . If $p(z)$ is an analytic function with $p(0)=1$ , then
Lemma 2.2 (see [13]) Let $P(z)=\frac{1+Cw(z)}{1+Dw(z)}=1+\sum\limits_{n=1}^{\infty}p_{n}z^{n}$ , then
Lemma 2.3 (see [9]) Let $g(z)=\sum\limits_{k=q}^{\infty}b_{k}z^{k}$ and $G(z)=\sum\limits_{k=q}^{\infty}D_{k}z^{k}$ , $q\geq 0$ . If $g(z)=w(z)G(z)$ , where $w(z)\in \Omega$ , then $b_{q}=0$ and
We now prove coefficient inequalities of $\overline{S}_1^*(A, B)$ and $\overline{K}_1(A, B)$ .
Theorem 2.4 Let $q(z)=z-\sum\limits_{n=2}^{\infty}|d_{n}|z^{n}\in T$ , then $q(z)\in \overline{S_1}^*(A, B)$ if and only if
where $-1\leq B<0$ .
Proof Suppose that inequality (2.1) is true. We define the function $p(z)$ by
To prove $q(z)\in \overline{S}_1^*(A, B)$ , it suffices to show that
Since $B<0, -1\leq B<A\leq 1$ , we have $ nB-A=(n-1)B+B-A<0 $ , therefore
From (2.1), we obtain
By using Maximum modulus theorem, we have $q(z)\in \overline{S}_1^*(A, B)$ .
Conversely, suppose that $q(z)\in \overline{S}_1^*(A, B)$ , then
or
Using the fact that $|{\text{Re}}z|\leq|z|$ for all $z$ , it follows that
Now choose $z=r\in[0, 1)\subset U$ on the real axis, it is easy to show that $\theta=0$ or $\pi$ . Taking $\theta=0$ in (2.2), we obtain
Let $r\rightarrow 1^{-}$ , we obtain (2.1).
Remark 2.5 Since $\overline S_1^*(1, -1)=\overline{S}_p$ , taking $A=1$ , $B=-1$ in Theorem 2.4, we obtain the following corollary.
Corollary 2.6 (see [10]) Let $f(z)=z-\sum\limits_{n=2}^{\infty}|a_{n}|z^{n}$ , then $f\in \overline{S}_{p}$ if and only if
Corollary 2.7 Let $q(z)=z-\sum\limits_{n=2}^{\infty}|d_{n}|z^{n}\in \overline{S}_1^*(A, B)$ , then for $-1\leq B<0$ ,
Proof From Theorem 2.4, we obtain
Since $B<0$ , $-1\leq B<A\leq 1$ , we have
Hence
From (1.2) and Theorem 2.4, we get the following Theorem 2.8
Theorem 2.8 Let $q(z)=z-\sum\limits_{n=2}^{\infty}|d_{n}|z^{n}\in T$ , then $q(z)\in \overline{K}_1(A, B)$ if and only if
Remark 2.9 Since $\overline{K_1}(1, -1)=UCV$ , taking $A=1, B=-1$ in Theorem 2.8, we obtain the following corollary.
Corollary 2.10 (see [10]) Let $f(z)=z-\sum\limits_{n=2}^{\infty}|a_{n}|z^{n}$ , then $f\in UCV$ if and only if
From Theorem 2.8, we get the following Corollary 2.11.
Corollary 2.11 Let $q(z)=z-\sum\limits_{n=2}^{\infty}|d_{n}|z^{n}\in \overline{K}_1(A, B)$ , then for $-1\leq B<0$ ,
Theorem 2.12 Let $g(z)=z+\sum\limits^{\infty}_{n=2}b_nz^n\in S^*_{\beta}(A, B)$ , then
where
and
Proof Suppose that $g\in S^*_{\beta}(A, B)$ . Then, from Lemma 2.1, we obtain
It follows from the definition of subordination that
which is equivalent to
After some computation, we obtain
From Lemma 2.3, we obtain
which evidently yields
By using (2.4), all the terms under the summation sign in (2.5) are positive. It is obvious from (2.5) that $|b_{2}|\leq |\frac{A-\beta B e^{-i\varphi}}{1-\beta e^{-i\varphi}}-B|$ satisfies (2.3). Assume that (2.1) is true for all $k=3, 4, \cdots, n-1$ .
We now prove
In order to complete the proof, it is sufficient to show that
where $\left|\frac{A-\beta Be^{-i\varphi}}{1-\beta e^{-i\varphi} }-(m-1)B\right|\geq(m-2).$
We now use mathematical induction to prove (2.6).
It readily follows from $|b_{2}|\leq\left|\frac{A-\beta Be^{-i\varphi}}{1-\beta e^{-i\varphi} }-B\right|$ and $\left|\frac{A-\beta Be^{-i\varphi}}{1-\beta e^{-i\varphi} }-2B\right|\geq 1$ that (2.6) is true for $m=3$ . Assume that (2.6) is true for all $m$ , $3<m\leq n-1$ . Then from (2.5), we have
Remark 2.13 (ⅰ) If $f(z)\in S_0^*(1, -1)=S^*$ , then $|a_n|\leq n$ , we get Theorem 4.10 [11]. (ⅱ) Taking $\beta=0$ in Theorem 2.3, we get Theorem 1 [9].
Corollary 2.14 Let $g\in S^*_{\beta}(A, B)$ , then
Proof From (2.8), we obtain
By using Theorem 2.4, we obtain
Therefore
From (1.2) and Theorem 2.3, we get the following Theorem 2.15.
Theorem 2.15 Let $g(z)=z+\sum\limits^{\infty}_{n=2}b_nz^n\in K_{\beta}(A, B)$ , then
Remark 2.16 If $f(z)\in K_0(1, -1)=K$ , then $|a_n|\leq 1$ , we get Theorem 4.13 [11].
By using Theorem 2.15, it is easy to obtain the following Corollary 2.17.
Corollary 2.17 Let $g\in K_{\beta}(A, B)$ , then
In this section, by using Corollary 2.7, Corollary 2.11, Corollary 2.14 and Corollary 2.16, we obtain coefficient inequalities of $C_{\alpha, \beta}(A, B;C, D)$ and $Q_{\alpha, \beta}(A, B;C, D)$ .
Theorem 3.1 Let $f(z)\in C_{\alpha, \beta}(A, B;C, D)$ , then for $\frac{||A|-\beta |B||}{1+\beta }-(n-1)|B|\geq n-2~~(n\geq 3)$ ,
where $0\leq\alpha, \beta\neq1$ .
Proof Suppose that $f(z)\in C_{\alpha, \beta}(A, B;C, D)$ . Then, there exits $g\in S^*_{\beta}(A, B)$ such that
From Lemma 2.1, we obtain
or, equivalently,
After some computation, we have
Equating the coefficients of $z^{n}$ in (3.2), we get
From Lemma 2.2, we obtain
By using Corollary 2.14, we get
which proves (3.1).
Similarly, by using Corollary 2.16, we can prove the following result.
Theorem 3.2 Let $f(z)\in Q_{\alpha, \beta}(A, B;C, D)$ , then for $\frac{||A|-\beta |B||}{1+\beta }-(n-1)|B|\geq n-2~~(n\geq 3)$ ,
By using Corollary 2.7, we get
Theorem 3.3 Let $f(z)\in \overline{C}_{\alpha, 1}(A, B;C, D)$ , then
where $0\leq\alpha\neq1$ and $-1\leq B<0$ .
By using Corollary 2.11, we have
Theorem 3.4 Let $f(z)\in \overline{Q}_{\alpha, 1}(A, B;C, D)$ , then
Remark 3.5 (ⅰ) Taking $A=1, B=-1, C=1, D=-1, \alpha=0, \beta=0$ in Theorem 3.1, we obtain $|a_{n}|\leq n $ which is the result due to Reade [6].
(ⅱ) Putting $\alpha=0, \beta=0, -1\leq B<0<A\leq 1$ in Theorem 3.1, we get the results obtained by Harjinder and Mehrok [7, Theorem 3.1].
(ⅲ) If $f(z)\in C_{0, 0}(1, -1;C, D)=K(C, D)$ , then $|a_{n}|\leq 1+\frac{(n-1)(C-D)}{2}$ , we have the results obtained by Mehrok [8].